While knowledge of the spherical shape of the Earth has existed to a greater or lesser degree since at least the classical Greeks (4th Century BCE), such knowledge prominently entered the Islamic milieu in the 9th century CE when many Greek texts were translated into Arabic for the first time under the sponsorship of the Abbasid caliphate. Islamic scriptures imply, adhere to, and describe a flat-Earth cosmography ( arranged in a geocentric system) which conceives of the earth as existing in the form of a large plane or disk. This map depicts "a traditional Islamic projection of the world as a flat disk surrounded by the sundering seas which are restrained by the encircling mountains of Qaf". Taken from Zekeriya Kazvinî's "Acaib-ül Mahlûkat" (The Wonders of Creation).
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